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In Salekhard scientists discussed problems of climate warming and overgrazing
This year the depth of seasonal thawing of permafrost was on 10 centimeters more than earlier. This information was given by academician of the RAS Vladimir Melnikov on the press-conference in Salekhard.
According to his words, during the latest 30-40 years scientists observe obvious warming of climate in the northern hemisphere and especially in the Arctic. At that, academician is not inclined to call this phenomenon global climate change, as in geological history of the Earth warming followed with cold cycles many times. The scientist is sure that the next cycle of cold is inevitable. But negative processes connected with increase in average annual temperature in the Far North, including Yamal, are still observed. The scientists consider that the outbreak of anthrax became a consequence of the anomalously hot summer in the region. Answering questions about reasons and consequences of the epizooty, an anthropologist Alexander Golovnev tells that several factors joined together in this situation. He asks journalists not to connect the anthrax with surplus reindeer livestock in Yamal tundra. But, at that same time, nobody denies the problem of overgrazing – excessive livestock in a particular area. And the problem requires for solving. The director of the Institute of ecology of plants and animals of the Ural branch of the RAS Vladimir Bogdanov tells that biologists from Ural region laid several experimental sites in the beginning of the 1990-s in the district of Bovanenkovo in order to see how tundra recovers. It became known that during one year reindeer moss (Yagel) grows only on one millimeter. The number of pastures good for pasturing of such big number of reindeer inevitably decreases. The institute is preparing electronic geo-botanic maps of Yamal for publishing, as Vladimir Bogdanov tells. They will be made with use of space photo images and will show, where and what capacity of reindeer these pastures have. The specialists also note that the issue on regulation of reindeer number on the territory of the arctic region is among important ones. It will be solved with attracting of scientists and experts of different branches and, of course, with consideration of opinions of indigenous nomadic population. Exactly reindeer-herding communities should take a balanced decision, and the scientific community will help to elaborate mechanisms of regulation. The community of reindeer herders is very dynamic and adaptive. They always can find a way out of any situation, as Professor Andrey Golovnev is sure.
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